Materials for study are in Test 6
There are many theories of Motivation. Scholars like Abraham Maslow, Rensis Likert, Chris Argyris, Herzberg, Douglas Mc Gregor and others have developed different approaches and propounded theories. Please come prepared for discussion on Friday 3rd February 2012 at 6 PM at the Institute.
1.Scholars examine how employees can be motivated to become more efficient . Can you suggest a few ways in which they can be motivated to work sincerely using their competence and intelligence to the best of their ability?
2.Does motivation enhance organizational efficiency? If so how? What is group behavior? How is it related to individual behavior?
3. A number of factors have been responsible for giving more and more attention to motivation. The strong unions are one such. Can you think of other factors?
4. There have been several scholars who have made useful contributions to this theory. Can you mention briefly what Abraham Maslow means by Hierarchy of Needs.
5. Scholars have been studyng what causes alienation and why employees do not strive to the best of their capacity. What causes alienation?
6.What causes changes in morale?
7.Motivation is both psychological and economic in nature. Comment
8. Questions asked so far
*3. (a) Show how Barnard while analyzing the multiplicity of satisfactions, clearly identifies four specific inducements. 1996
Chester Barnard in his Functions of the Executive emphasizes opportunity for distinction, prestige, personal power and the attainment of a dominating position. Can you explain these briefly?
9. Tylor develops Monistic or Economic Theory of Motivations. He gives importance to monetary rewards. Do you agree?
10. Victor Vroom in his book Work and Motivation develops the Expectancy theory of Motivation. What do employees expect?
Explain Vroom’s equation: Valency X Expectation = Motivation
11.The Equity Theory of Motivation says that when empoyees find that inefficient fellows get into the good books of the bosses (through chamcha-giri) and in spite of inefficient work get good rewards, their morale gets depressed. What do you think of the Indian situation? `yatha raja, thatha praja’ Comment
12. How far does Motivation depend on effective leadership?
13. Let us now take up Maslow’s Theory ( A Theory of Motivation) which says that human behaviour is a concomitant of human needs. A two hundred word note question was asked in 2004 on this topic
14. Maslow says ” Motivation Theory is not synonymous with behaviour theory. The motivations are only one class of determinants of behaviour. While behaviour is always motivated, it is almost always biologically ,culturally and situationally determined as well.” What is Behabiour Theory and what behaviours influence motivation?
15. Maslow says that the lowest needs come first and when they are satisfied, the next higher class of needs arise. Can you explain the
A. Biological needs
B.Security needs.
C.Social Needs
D. Need for Social esteem
E.Self Actualization.
16. Man desires to attain the heights of excellence in the chosen profession. Maslow calls it self-actualization. Is it possible to quantify it?
17. Maslow admits that there are certain limitations to his theory of hierarchy of needs. Can you explain? Does the concept apply to all workers equally?
18. Maslow’s theory is also defective since it is not supported b6y adequate research data
19. In spite of the defects it must be agreed that his theory emphasizes that the needs of the employee must be met satisfactorily if we wish him to be motivated and give his best to the organization.